Self-efficacy measurement instruments for individuals with coronary artery disease: A systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Over the past decade, there has been a heightened interest in evaluating self-efficacy among patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). A significant number of instruments have been developed and validated, yet the need remains to assess the quality of their studies and their properties. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the measurement properties and link the content extracted from self-efficacy instrument items for individuals with CAD to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). METHODOLOGY: The study was conducted following the Cochrane systematic review guidelines and COnsensus norms for Selection of health Measuring INstruments (COSMIN), registered under CRD42021262613. The search was carried out on MEDLINE (Ovid), Web of Science, EMBASE, and PsycINFO, including studies involving the development and validation of self-efficacy instruments for individuals with CAD, without language or date restrictions. Data extraction was performed in May 2022 and updated in January 2023 and all the steps of this review were carried out by two different collaborators and reviewed by a third when there were divergences. Modified Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) recommended by COSMIN was used to determine the quality of evidence as high, moderate, low, or very low. Instrument categorization was carried out per COSMIN recommendations, according to the construct of interest and study population into three categories (A, B, or C). RESULTS: A total of 21 studies from 12 instruments were identified. The best-rated instruments received a recommendation of B, which means, additional validation studies are needed. Barnason Efficacy Expectation Scale (BEES) showed high-quality evidence for structural, construct, criterion, and internal consistency validity; Cardiac Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES) demonstrated high quality for content, structural, cross-cultural validity, and internal consistency; Self-efficacy for Appropriate Medication Use (SEAMS) achieved a high level for structural, criterion, and internal consistency validity; Cardiovascular Management Self-Efficacy Scale exhibited high-level validity for structural, criterion, construct, and internal consistency. The CSES showed content linkage with all domains of the ICF, as well as the highest number of linkages with the categories. CONCLUSIONS: Instruments with a B-level recommendation hold potential for use. More studies assessing measurement properties are needed to reinforce or improve these recommendations. The CSES stands out as the most comprehensive instrument concerning the ICF.

Genes, inflammatory response, tolerance, and resistance to virus infections in migratory birds, bats, and rodents.

Normally, the host immunological response to viral infection is coordinated to restore homeostasis and protect the individual from possible tissue damage. The two major approaches are adopted by the host to deal with the pathogen: resistance or tolerance. The nature of the responses often differs between species and between individuals of the same species. Resistance includes innate and adaptive immune responses to control virus replication. Disease tolerance relies on the immune response allowing the coexistence of infections in the host with minimal or no clinical signs, while maintaining sufficient viral replication for transmission. Here, we compared the virome of bats, rodents and migratory birds and the molecular mechanisms underlying symptomatic and asymptomatic disease progression. We also explore the influence of the host physiology and environmental influences on RNA virus expression and how it impacts on the whole brain transcriptome of seemingly healthy semipalmated sandpiper (Calidris pusilla) and spotted sandpiper (Actitis macularius). Three time points throughout the year were selected to understand the importance of longitudinal surveys in the characterization of the virome. We finally revisited evidence that upstream and downstream regulation of the inflammatory response is, respectively, associated with resistance and tolerance to viral infections.

Effectiveness of Paced Breathing Guided by Biofeedback on Clinical and Functional Outcomes Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: An Uncontrolled Pilot Study.

To investigate the effectiveness of paced breathing guided by biofeedback on clinical and functional outcomes of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). An uncontrolled pilot study comprising a training with paced breathing guided by biofeedback (three sessions of 35 min per week) was conducted over four weeks (12 sessions). Assessments included respiratory muscle strength (using a manovacuometer), anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory), depression (Beck Depression Inventory), dyspnea (Baseline Dyspnea Index), functionality (Timed Up and Go Test), health status (COPD Assessment Test) and health-related quality of life (Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire). The sample consisted of nine patients with a mean age of 68.2 ± 7.8 years. After intervention, patients significantly improved in health status and health-related quality of life, assessed using the COPD Assessment Test (p < 0.001) and Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire (p < 0.001); anxiety (p < 0.001); and depression (p = 0.001). Patients also significantly improved in dyspnea (p = 0.008), TUG (p = 0.015), CC Score (p = 0.031), and maximum inspiratory (p = 0.004) and expiratory pressures (p < 0.001). An intervention with paced breathing guided by biofeedback promoted positive results on dyspnea, anxiety, depression, health status and perceived health-related quality of life in patients with COPD. Moreover, gains in respiratory muscle strength and functional performance were observed, affecting the performance of daily activities.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus in obesity promotes prolongation of cardiomyocyte contractile function, impaired Ca2+ handling and protein carbonylation damage.

AIMS: To investigate whether the obesity associated to T2DM presented cardiomyocyte myocardial contractility dysfunction due to damage in Ca2+ handling, concomitantly with increased biomarkers of oxidative stress. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were randomized into two groups: control (C): fed with standard diet; and obese (Ob) that fed a saturated high-fat. After the characterization of obesity (12 weeks), the Ob animals were submitted to T2DM induction with a single dose of intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg). Thus, remained Ob rats that were characterized as to the presence (T2DMOb; n = 8) and/or absence (Ob; n = 10) of T2DM. Cardiac remodeling was measured by post-mortem morphological, isolated cardiomyocyte contractile function, as well as by intracellular Ca2+-handling analysis. RESULTS: T2DMOb presented a significant reduction of all fat pads, total body fat and adiposity index. T2DMOb group presented a significant increase in protein carbonylation and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, respectively. T2DMOb promoted elevations in fractional shortening (15.6 %) and time to 50 % shortening (5.8 %), respectively. Time to 50 % Ca2+ decay was prolonged in T2DMOb, suggesting a possible impairment in Ca2+recapture and/or removal. CONCLUSION: Type 2 diabetes mellitus in obesity promotes prolongation of cardiomyocyte contractile function with protein carbonylation damage and impaired Ca2+ handling.

Evaluation of autonomic cardiac modulation and body composition in elderly submitted to the protocol of exercise and the gametherapy: A clinical trial protocol (SPIRIT compliant).

INTRODUCTION: Aging affects the cardiovascular system by impairing the amount and strength of cardiac pumping. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a safe parameter to assess variations in the cardiovascular system, providing data on sympathetic and parasympathetic activations. OBJECTIVES: Our primary aim is to investigate the cardiac autonomic modulation and body composition of active older adults participating in a physical exercise protocol and gametherapy. Our secondary aim is to assess their functional capacity, cognitive function, balance, respiratory pressures, and functional autonomy. METHOD: This randomized clinical trial will include 100 active older adults aged 60 to 80 years. The exercise group (EG) will perform 24 supervised training sessions (strength and aerobic) for 12 weeks (2 60-minutes sessions per week). The gametherapy group (GG) will exercise using gametherapy. Assessments will occur on the first week, after the 12th week, after wash out and in the end of cross over. The primary outcome will be HRV and body composition (bioimpedance). Secondary outcomes will be functional capacity (6-minute walk test), cognitive function (mini-mental state examination), risk of falls and balance (berg balance scale and timed up and go test), inspiratory and expiratory pressures (manovacuometry) and functional autonomy (functional reach test and group of Latin American development to maturity [GDLAM] protocol). DISCUSSION: This study will provide relevant information about the effects of physical training (physical exercises and gametherapy) on HRV and other variables in active older adults.

Assédio moral: ocorrências nas relações de trabalho da enfermagem / Moral harassment: occurrences in nursing work relationships / Acoso moral: incidencias en las relaciones laborales de enfermería

Objetivo: Identificar a ocorrência de assédio moral vivenciado por profissionais de nível médio em Enfermagem, que estão em fase de graduação em Enfermagem. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal, descritivo com abordagem quantitativa realizado com 40 estudantes universitários do curso de enfermagem em instituição no interior paulista, por meio da aplicação de questionário semiestruturado e Questionário sobre Assédio Moral. Os dados foram analisados com análise estatística descritiva. Resultados: Dos 40 (100,0%) participantes, 14 (35,0%) eram Auxiliares e/ou Técnicos de Enfermagem, 11 (79,0%) entrevistados foram agredidos de forma repetitiva. As situações de agressão mais vivenciadas foram "critica você em público" (10,8%), "critica seu trabalho de forma injusta ou exagerada" (7,2%) e "dá instruções confusas e imprecisas" (7,2%). O agressor foi caracterizado como "é aquele que sempre tem razão" (10; 83,3%), "sempre está pronto para receber elogios, contudo, se é criticado coloca a culpa nos subordinados" (7; 58,3%). Dentre as consequências do assédio moral, as mais citadas foram o "estresse" (10; 11,9%), a irritabilidade (9; 10,7%), a ansiedade (7; 8,0%) e a dificuldade de concentração - 7 (8,0%). Conclusão: Dos profissionais alvos desta pesquisa, (14; 86,0%) não só tinham conhecimento acerca de assédio moral, como também afirmaram já terem sido vítima dessa violência. (AU)

Objective: To identify the occurrence of moral harassment experienced by mid-level nursing professionals, who are in the Nursing undergraduate phase. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study with a quantitative approach carried out with 40 university students of the nursing course at an institution in the interior of São Paulo, through the application of a semi-structured questionnaire and a questionnaire on moral harassment. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistical analysis. Results: Of the 40 (100.0%) participants, 14 (35,0%) were Nursing Assistants and Technicians, 11 (79.0%) interviewees were repeatedly assaulted. The most experienced situations of aggression were "criticizing you in public" (10.8%), "criticizing your work in an unfair or exaggerated way" (7.2%) and "giving confused and inaccurate instructions" (7.2%). The aggressor was characterized as "he is the one who is always right" (10; 83.3%), "he is always ready to receive praise, however, if he is criticized, he places the blame on subordinates" (7; 58.3%). Among the consequences of bullying, the most cited were "stress" (10; 11.9%), irritability (9; 10.7%), anxiety (7; 8.0%) and difficulty concentrating - 7 (8.0%). Conclusion: Of the professionals targeted by this research, (14; 86.0%) not only had knowledge about bullying, but also stated that they had already been a victim of this violence. (AU)

Objetivo: Identificar la ocurrencia de acoso moral experimentado por profesionales de enfermería de nivel medio, que se encuentran en la etapa de licenciatura en Enfermería. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo transversal con abordaje cuantitativo realizado con 40 estudiantes universitarios del curso de enfermería de una institución del interior de São Paulo, mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario semiestructurado y Cuestionario de Acoso Moral. Los datos fueron analizados con análisis estadístico descriptivo. Resultados: De los 40 (100,0%) participantes, 14 (35,0%) eran Auxiliares y Técnicos de Enfermería, 11 (79,0%) entrevistados fueron agredidos reiteradamente. Las situaciones de agresión más vividas fueron "criticarte en público" (10,8%), "criticar tu trabajo de forma injusta o exagerada" (7,2%) y "dar instrucciones confusas e inexactas" (7,2%). El agresor se caracterizó por "él es el que siempre tiene la razón" (10; 83,3%), "siempre está dispuesto a recibir elogios, sin embargo, si es criticado culpa a los subordinados" (7; 58,3%). Entre las consecuencias del bullying, las más citadas fueron "estrés" (10; 11,9%), irritabilidad (9; 10,7%), ansiedad (7; 8,0%) y dificultad para concentrarse - 7 (8,0%). Conclusion: De los profesionales objeto de esta investigación, (14; 86,0%) no solo tenían conocimientos sobre el bullying, sino que también manifestaron que ya habían sido víctimas de esta violencia. (AU)

Ideal Cardiovascular Health in adolescents: Findings from Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: We assessed the Ideal Cardiovascular Health (CVH) in Brazilian adolescents according to demographics and socioeconomic characteristics. METHODS AND RESULTS: This is a cross-sectional study with data from the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA), with a nationwide representative sample of 36,956 Brazilian adolescents, aged 12-17 years, enrolled in public and private schools. The CVH metrics considered were body mass index (BMI), physical activity, smoking, healthy diet score, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and total cholesterol. The demographics and socioeconomic characteristics analyzed were sex, age, race/skin color, and type of school attended. The study design was considered, and the significant difference determined by the non-overlapping of 95% Confidence Interval. The mean ideal CVH score was 4.0, higher for females, adolescents aged 15-17 years, and students from private schools. The prevalence of ideal fasting plasma glucose was 96%, of non-smoking 95.6%, of ideal blood pressure 75.5%, of ideal BMI 73.2%, of ideal total cholesterol 55.4%, of ideal physical activity 45.2%, and only 0.5% had an ideal diet. The prevalence of ideal CVH metrics varied according to demographics and socioeconomic characteristics. CONCLUSION: Females, older adolescents, and students who attended private school had a better CVH. Demographics and socioeconomic characteristics were associated with CVH metrics. The low ideal proportions found for diet and physical activity are of concern and reinforce the need for food and nutritional educational actions designed to promote healthy behaviors in adolescence to prevent the development of cardiovascular diseases.

Consciência fonológica e vocabulário receptivo em casos de transtorno de aprendizagem / Phonological awareness and receptive vocabulary in cases of learning disabilities / Conciencia fonológica y vocabulario receptivo em casos de transtorno del aprendizaje

Introdução: As habilidades de linguagem oral são preditoras para a leitura e escrita, sugerindo relação entre a consciência fonológica e vocabulário emissivo e receptivo para o seu desenvolvimento. Objetivo: Verificar a associação entre Hipótese de Escrita (HE) e desempenho de crianças e adolescentes com Transtorno de Aprendizagem (TA) em tarefas de consciência fonológica (CF) e vocabulário receptivo (VR). Métodos: Análise retrospectiva de prontuários eletrônicos de crianças e adolescentes com diagnóstico de TA atendidos entre fevereiro de 2014 e dezembro de 2016. Foram analisados o nível da HE (Pré-Silábico; Silábico; Silábico-Alfabético e Alfabético) e a avaliação de CF e VR. Utilizou-se o teste Exato de Fisher, com nível de significância (p≤0,05). Resultados: A amostra (n=34) foi dividida em grupos etários: GI=14 (6 a 8 anos e 11 meses), GII=15 (9 a 11 anos e 11 meses) e GIII=05 (12 a 18 anos e 11 meses); 10 do sexo feminino (GI=06; GII=04; GIII=0) e 24 do sexo masculino (GI=08; GII=11; GIII=05). 73,53% frequentavam o ensino Fundamental I, 23,53% Fundamental II e 2,94% Ensino Médio. 47,06% encontravam-se no nível pré-silábico, 11,76% silábico, 23,53% silábico-alfabético e 17,65% alfabético. Observou-se associação positiva da HE com tarefas de CF (p=0,001) e VR (p=0,02). Conclusão: Houve associação entre a HE e CF e VR no grupo estudado, sugerindo a importância dessas habilidades para a leitura e escrita.

Introduction: Oral language skills are predictors for reading and writing, suggesting a relationship between phonological awareness and emissive and receptive vocabulary for their development. Purpose: To verify the association between Writing Hypothesis (WH) and performance of children and adolescents with Learning Disorder (LD) in tasks of phonological awareness (PA) and receptive vocabulary (RV). Methods: Retrospective analysis of electronic medical records of children and adolescents diagnosed with ED attended between February 2014 and December 2016. The level of WH (Pre-Syllabic; Syllabic; Syllabic-Alphabetical and Alphabetical) and the evaluation of FC and VR. Fisher's exact tests were used, with significance level (p≤0.05). Results: The sample (n = 34) was divided into age groups: GI = 14 (6 to 8 years and 11 months), GII = 15 (9 to 11 years and 11 months) and GIII = 05 (12 to 18 years and 11 months); 10 female (GI = 06; GII = 04; GIII = 0) and 24 male (GI = 08; GII = 11; GIII = 05). 73.53% attended Elementary School, 23.53% Elementary II and 2.94% High School. 47.06% were at the pre-syllabic level, 11.76% syllabic, 23.53% syllabic-alphabetic and 17.65% alphabetic. A positive association was observed between WH and PA (p = 0.001) and RV (p = 0.02) tasks. Conclusion: There was an association between WH and PA and VR in the studied group, suggesting the importance of these skills for reading and writing.

Introducción: Las habilidades del lenguaje oral son predictores para la lectura y la escritura, sugiriendo una relación entre la conciencia fonológica y el vocabulario emisivo y receptivo para su desarrollo. Objetivo: Verificar la asociación entre la Hipótesis de la Escritura (HE) y el desempeño de niños y adolescentes con Trastorno del Aprendizaje (TA) en tareas de conciencia fonológica (CF) y vocabulario receptivo (RV). Métodos: Análisis retrospectivo de historias clínicas electrónicas de niños y adolescentes diagnosticados de TA atendidos entre febrero de 2014 y diciembre de 2016. El nivel de ES (Pre-Silábico; Silábico; Silábico-Alfabético y Alfabético) y la evaluación de CF y VR. Se utilizó la prueba exacta de Fisher, con nivel de significancia (p≤0.05). Resultados: La muestra (n = 34) se dividió en grupos de edad: GI = 14 (6 a 8 años y 11 meses), GII = 15 (9 a 11 años y 11 meses) y GIII = 05 (12 a 18 años y 11 meses); 10 mujeres (GI = 06; GII = 04; GIII = 0) y 24 hombres (GI = 08; GII = 11; GIII = 05). El 73,53% asistió a la escuela primaria, el 23,53% a la primaria II y el 2,94% a la secundaria. El 47,06% eran de nivel presilábico, el 11,76% silábico, el 23,53% silábico-alfabético y el 17,65% alfabético. Se observó una asociación positiva entre las tareas de HE y CF (p = 0,001) y VR (p = 0,02). Conclusión: Existió asociación entre HE y CF y VR en el grupo estudiado, sugiriendo la importancia de estas habilidades para la lectura y la escritura.

Self-efficacy instruments for individuals with coronary artery disease: a systematic review protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Self-efficacy is associated with management of diseases, psychological well-being, improved quality of life and rehabilitation adherence. Several instruments related to behaviour or specific disease (eg, coronary artery disease (CAD)) assess self-efficacy. The evaluation of cardiac self-efficacy in individuals with CAD will support healthcare professionals to improve self-efficacy via interventions; therefore, a suitable instrument is crucial. This systematic review aims to assess measurement properties, methodological quality and content of outcome measures of cardiac self-efficacy instruments for individuals with CAD. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The study has been developed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocol and Consensus Norms for Selection of Health Measuring Instruments (COSMIN). The following databases will be searched: MEDLINE (Ovid), Web of Science, EMBASE and PsycINFO. Studies assessing measurement properties of cardiac self-efficacy instruments for individuals with CAD will be included. No date or language restrictions will be applied to the search. Two independent authors will be responsible for assessing the eligibility of studies. Methodological quality of studies will be assessed using the COSMIN RoB Checklist, and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Assessment will be used to assess the quality of each study. Two authors will independently evaluate the content of instruments and link this to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study does not require ethics committee approval since it is based on previously published data. Evidence from this systematic review will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals and presentation at scientific conferences. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42021262613.

Association between performance on the Glittre ADL-test and the functional capacity of patients with HF: A cross-sectional study.

Background: The Weber classification based on peak VO2 is a well-established method for categorizing patients with heart failure (HF) regarding severity. However, other submaximal tests such as the Glittre ADL-Test have been gaining prominence in practice due to a coherent and more comprehensive correlation with limitations for performing activities of daily living in patients with heart failure.Objective: To investigate the correlation between the time required to perform the Glittre ADL-Test and the peak VO2 in patients with HF.Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted with 40 adult individuals (21 to 65 years) diagnosed with HF of all etiologies, with LVEF<50% and NYHA II and III.Results: The average time for performing the Glittre ADL-Test was 284.9 seconds, and a significant difference was found between Weber classification classes A and C (p = .01). Significant correlations with peak VO2 were also found (r = -0.424 - p < .01). Thirty (30) patients performed a second test, and the ICC found in the reproducibility analysis was 0.75 (95% CI 0.14-0.91) and p < .01.Conclusion: The Glittre ADL-Test was able to reflect the functional performance of individuals with HF, suggesting that it represents an evaluation tool which can be safely used in clinical practice.

Candida albicans Biofilm Inhibition by Two Vaccinium macrocarpon (Cranberry) Urinary Metabolites: 5-(3',4'-DihydroxyPhenyl)-γ-Valerolactone and 4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid.

Candida spp. are pathobionts, as they can switch from commensals to pathogens, responsible for a variety of pathological processes. Adhesion to surfaces, morphological switch and biofilm-forming ability are the recognized virulence factors promoting yeast virulence. Sessile lifestyle also favors fungal persistence and antifungal tolerance. In this study, we investigated, in vitro, the efficacy of two urinary cranberry metabolites, 5-(3',4'-dihydroxy phenyl)-γ-valerolactone (VAL) and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA), in inhibiting C. albicans adhesion and biofilm formation. Both the reference strain SC5314 and clinical isolates were used. We evaluated biomass reduction, by confocal microscopy and crystal violet assay, and the possible mechanisms mediating their inhibitory effects. Both VAL and 4-HBA were able to interfere with the yeast adhesion, by modulating the expression of key genes, HWP1 and ALS3. A significant dose-dependent reduction in biofilm biomass and metabolic activity was also recorded. Our data showed that the two cranberry metabolites VAL and 4-HBA could pave the way for drug development, for targeting the very early phases of biofilm formation and for preventing genitourinary Candida infections.

Effectiveness of therapeutic exercises for improving the quality of life of patients with chronic venous insufficiency: a systematic review.

The main signs and symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency are pain, edema, varicose veins, and tissue changes; conditions that compromise functionality and quality of life. Management of the disease aims to mitigate these losses and involves a wide range of interventions, one of which is therapeutic exercise. This article presents the existing evidence on the effectiveness of therapeutic exercises for quality of life, pain, and functionality in chronic venous insufficiency. Searches were run on the databases CENTRAL, CINAHL, LILACS, MEDLINE, PEDro, SciELO, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science. Four of the 2,961 results met the eligibility criteria. Only one of these studies showed benefits of exercise for improving quality of life and reducing pain. The others had low methodological quality. The existing evidence is therefore insufficient to indicate or contraindicate therapeutic exercises for improvement of quality of life, pain, and functionality in patients with chronic venous insufficiency.

The impact of peripheral arterial disease on exercise tolerance and quality of life in the elderly and the role of cardiovascular physiotherapy: review article.

The primary symptom of peripheral arterial its intermittent claudication; a condition that causes functional disabilities, compromising quality of life. This review aimed to survey the impacts of this disease on the elderly, investigating possible contributions that cardiovascular physiotherapy has to offer. Searches were run on the MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, Scopus, Science Direct, and PEDro databases, identifying 7,587 studies. Seven of these met the eligibility criteria and were grouped and analyzed according evidence level, recommendation grade, and methodological quality. It was observed that this disease is responsible for considerable impact on exercise tolerance and quality of life. Regarding the therapeutic approach to these outcomes, the studies reported that there were improvements in walking and quality of life, increased functional capacity, and reduced pain. With regard to the treatment modality, most research included aerobic exercises.

Surveillance of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in flies (Diptera) in Rio de Janeiro city.

Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria were isolated from muscoid dipterans collected at five different areas of Rio de Janeiro city, in proximity to hospitals. Extracts obtained by maceration of flies were diluted and used as inocula for different culture media, with or without antibiotic (ceftriaxone 1 mg/L) supplementation. Purified isolates were submitted to antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). Bacterial identification was performed by MALDI TOF Microflex LT (Bruker Daltonics). A total of 197 bacterial strains were obtained from 117 dipterous muscoids. Forty-two flies (35.9%) carried bacteria resistant to at least one antimicrobial, while 7 insects (5.9%) carried multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR), which were all members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Among 10 MDR bacteria (5%), 5 strains (2,5%) were positive by PCR for one or more of the following antibiotic resistance genes: aac(6')-Ib, blaTEM-1, blaCTX-M-15, blaKPC-2 and blaNDM-1. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and cluster analysis compared the number of resistant isolates per collection point and showed that a single location was statistically different from the others with regard to resistance. Although there are still no criteria to determine the environmental contamination by resistant bacteria the fact that they have been isolated from flies is an indication of a disseminated contamination. As such, these insects may be useful in monitoring programs of antibiotic resistance in non-hospital environments, where they could function as sentinels.

Associação entre composição domiciliar e consumo alimentar em adolescentes: uma revisão sistemática / Association between household composition and dietary consumption in adolescents: a systematic review

Objetivo: Revisar sistematicamente a associação entre composição domiciliar e consumo alimentar em adolescentes. Métodos: Trata-se de revisão sistemática da literatura. A busca dos artigos foi realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE via PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Web of Science, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Embase e Scopus. Os artigos foram avaliados por meio do Research Triangle Institute (RTI) Item Bank sobre risco de viés e acurácia de estudos observacionais. Foram avaliados estudos observacionais com adolescentes (10-19 anos de idade). Resultados: Dos 2.324 artigos encontrados, 11 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão, 9 de delineamento transversal e 2 longitudinais. Quanto à avaliação do consumo alimentar, foram avaliadas as frequências de: jantar em família, consumo de café da manhã, consumo de refeições, omissão do café da manhã, consumo de grupos alimentares, número de refeições realizadas durante o dia, assim como densidade energética de grupos alimentares e o Índice de Alimentação Saudável. Observou-se que adolescentes que moravam com ambos os pais apresentaram maior frequência de consumo do café da manhã e maior consumo de vegetais. Preferências alimentares mais positivas e saudáveis foram mais frequentes entre adolescentes que residiam em famílias nucleares. Por outro lado, consumo irregular de café da manhã e consumo de marcadores de alimentação não saudável foram mais frequentes entre adolescentes residentes em domicílios monoparentais, com família reconstituída e famílias extensas. Conclusão: Adolescentes que moravam com ambos os pais apresentaram melhor consumo alimentar. Ressalta-se a necessidade de considerar a composição domiciliar ao planejar programas de promoção da alimentação saudável entre adolescentes. (AU)

Objective: To review systematically the association between household composition and eating habits of adolescents. Methods: Systematic literature review. The search of articles was conducted on the databases MEDLINE via PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Web of Science, Virtual Health Library, Embase and Scopus. The articles were assessed through the Research Triangle Institute (RTI) Item Bank for risk of bias and accuracy of observational studies. Observational studies with adolescents (aged 10-19 years) were carried out. Results: Of 2,324 articles found, 11 met the eligibility criteria, nine being cross-sectional and two longitudinal studies. With respect to dietary habits, we assessed the following frequencies: family dinner, breakfast, meals consumption, breakfast skipping, food groups eaten, number of meals eaten per day, as well as energy density of food groups and the Healthy Diet Demetra Index. It was found that adolescents who lived with both parents had a higher frequency of having breakfast and eating more vegetables. The most positive and healthy food preferences were more frequent for adolescents who lived in nuclear families. On the other hand, irregular breakfast consumption and consumption of unhealthy food markers were more frequent among adolescents living in single-parent households, in reconstituted and extended families. Conclusion: Adolescents living with both parents have better eating patterns. The need to consider the household composition when planning healthy eating promotion programs for adolescents is highlighted. (AU)

Repercussão da doença arterial periférica na tolerância ao exercício e na qualidade de vida de idosos e o papel da fisioterapia cardiovascular: artigo de revisão / The impact of peripheral arterial disease on exercise tolerance and quality of life in the elderly and the role of cardiovascular physiotherapy: review article

Resumo A doença arterial periférica tem como principal sintoma a claudicação intermitente, fator que resulta em incapacidade funcional, comprometendo a qualidade de vida. Esta revisão objetivou fazer um levantamento sobre os impactos ocasionado pela doença nos idosos, investigando as possíveis contribuições da fisioterapia cardiovascular. Para isso, realizou-se uma busca nas bases de dados MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, Scopus, Science Direct e PEDro, a qual identificou 7.587 estudos. Desses, sete atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade, sendo então agrupados e analisados conforme o nível de evidência, grau de recomendação e qualidade metodológica. Pôde-se observar um considerável impacto da doença sobre a tolerância ao exercício e a qualidade de vida. Quanto à abordagem terapêutica desses desfechos, os estudos relataram que houve melhora na deambulação e na qualidade de vida, aumento da capacidade funcional e redução da dor. No que se refere à modalidade de tratamento, a maioria das pesquisas incluíram exercícios aeróbicos.

Abstract The primary symptom of peripheral arterial its intermittent claudication; a condition that causes functional disabilities, compromising quality of life. This review aimed to survey the impacts of this disease on the elderly, investigating possible contributions that cardiovascular physiotherapy has to offer. Searches were run on the MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, Scopus, Science Direct, and PEDro databases, identifying 7,587 studies. Seven of these met the eligibility criteria and were grouped and analyzed according evidence level, recommendation grade, and methodological quality. It was observed that this disease is responsible for considerable impact on exercise tolerance and quality of life. Regarding the therapeutic approach to these outcomes, the studies reported that there were improvements in walking and quality of life, increased functional capacity, and reduced pain. With regard to the treatment modality, most research included aerobic exercises.

Eficácia dos exercícios terapêuticos na qualidade de vida de pacientes com insuficiência venosa crônica: uma revisão sistemática / Effectiveness of therapeutic exercises for improving the quality of life of patients with chronic venous insufficiency: a systematic review

Resumo Os principais sinais e sintomas da insuficiência venosa crônica são dor, edema, varizes e alterações teciduais, condições que comprometem a funcionalidade e qualidade de vida. Visando amenizar esses prejuízos, o manejo da doença envolve uma ampla modalidade de intervenções; entre elas, o exercício terapêutico. Esta pesquisa apresenta as evidências existentes sobre a efetividade dos exercícios terapêuticos na qualidade de vida, dor e funcionalidade da insuficiência venosa crônica. Efetuou-se uma busca nas bases de dados CENTRAL, CINAHL, LILACS, MEDLINE, PEDro, SciELO, Science Direct, Scopus e Web of Science. Dos 2.961 resultados, quatro atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade. Desses, apenas um estudo mostrou benefícios dos exercícios para melhora da qualidade de vida e redução da dor. Os demais apresentaram baixa qualidade metodológica. Portanto, as evidências existentes são insuficientes para indicar ou contraindicar os exercícios terapêuticos para melhoria da qualidade de vida, dor e funcionalidade em pacientes com insuficiência venosa crônica.

Abstract The main signs and symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency are pain, edema, varicose veins, and tissue changes; conditions that compromise functionality and quality of life. Management of the disease aims to mitigate these losses and involves a wide range of interventions, one of which is therapeutic exercise. This article presents the existing evidence on the effectiveness of therapeutic exercises for quality of life, pain, and functionality in chronic venous insufficiency. Searches were run on the databases CENTRAL, CINAHL, LILACS, MEDLINE, PEDro, SciELO, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science. Four of the 2,961 results met the eligibility criteria. Only one of these studies showed benefits of exercise for improving quality of life and reducing pain. The others had low methodological quality. The existing evidence is therefore insufficient to indicate or contraindicate therapeutic exercises for improvement of quality of life, pain, and functionality in patients with chronic venous insufficiency.

Effectiveness of inspiratory muscle training associated with a cardiac rehabilitation program on sympathetic activity and functional capacity in patients with heart failure: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Individuals affected by heart failure (HF) may present fatigue, dyspnea, respiratory muscle weakness, and sympathetic activity hyperstimulation of the myocardium, among other symptoms. Conducting cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs can be associated with inspiratory muscle training. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of inspiratory muscular training (IMT) associated with a CR program on modulating myocardial sympathetic activity and maximal functional capacity, submaximal functional capacity, thickness, and mobility of the diaphragm muscle in patients with HF. METHODS: We will conduct a clinical, controlled, randomized, double-blind trial that will include sedentary men and women who are 21-60 years old and who have diagnosed systolic HF and a left ventricular ejection fraction of less than 45%. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups: experimental and control. The control group will follow the conventional CR protocol, and the experimental group will follow the conventional CR protocol associated with IMT 7 days a week. The two proposed exercise protocols will have a frequency of three times a week for a period of 12 weeks. The sympathetic innervation of the cardiac muscle, the maximum and submaximal functional capacity, diaphragm mobility and thickness, and the quality of life of the participants will be evaluated before and after the intervention protocol. DISCUSSION: This clinical trial will be the first study to investigate the additional effects of IMT on CR in sympathetic hyperstimulation in the myocardium. The results of this study will contribute to developing therapeutic strategies collaborating to elucidate whether the association of IMT with CR can induce clinical benefits for patients with HF. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02600000. Registered November 9, 2015. Retrospectively registered.

Influence of High-Intensity Interval Training Versus Continuous Training on Functional Capacity in Individuals With Heart Failure: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS.

INTRODUCTION: Cardiac rehabilitation programs reduce the risk of death and acute events related to the disease through the association of various modalities of exercise. When implemented in high-intensity interval training (HIIT) programs, it may allow for gradual adaptation of the skeletal muscles to greater exercise intensities. The present systematic review aimed to determine whether HIIT promoted a greater increase in exercise tolerance in comparison with continuous aerobic training in individuals with heart failure. METHODS: A systematic search for articles indexed in the PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, PEDro, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was carried out. The descriptors used for the search followed the description of the MeSH/DeCS terms with no language or year of publication restrictions. When possible, a meta-analysis was performed and the quality of the evidence was evaluated using the GRADE scale. RESULTS: The broad search strategy resulted in 5258 titles, and a total of 7 articles were included in the qualitative synthesis. A low quality of evidence was observed demonstrating that interval training is superior to continuous aerobic training for improving peak oxygen uptake, which reflects an increase in functional capacity of these individuals and moderate quality of evidence regarding improved quality of life and left ventricular ejection fraction. CONCLUSION: High-intensity interval training and continuous training provide benefits for patients, however, the quality of evidence still does not allow us to indicate whether there is a superiority of HIIT over conventional continuous exercise training using the variables analyzed.